Big Ben Clock Tower London

Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well.Big Ben is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world.It celebrated its 150th anniversary in May 2009 (the clock itself first ticking on 31 May 1859), during which celebratory events took place.

The nearest London Underground station is Westminster on the Circle, District and Jubilee lines.

A clock tower was built at Westminster in 1288, with the fine-money of Ralph Hengham, Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

The present tower was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new palace, after the old Palace of Westminster was destroyed by fire on the night of 16 October 1834.

http://www.visitingdc.com/london/big-ben-picture.asp

The new Parliament was built in a Neo-gothic style. Although Barry was the chief architect of the Palace, he turned to Augustus Pugin for the design of the clock tower, which resembles earlier Pugin designs, including one for Scarisbrick Hall. The design for the Clock Tower was Pugin's last design before his final descent into madness and death, and Pugin himself wrote, at the time of Barry's last visit to him to collect the drawings: "I never worked so hard in my life for Mr Barry for tomorrow I render all the designs for finishing his bell tower & it is beautiful."The tower is designed in Pugin's celebrated Gothic Revival style, and is 96.3 metres (315.9 ft) high (roughly 16 stories).

The bottom 61 metres (200 ft) of the Clock Tower's structure consists of brickwork with sand coloured Anston limestone cladding. The remainder of the tower's height is a framed spire of cast iron. The tower is founded on a 15-metre (49 ft) square raft, made of 3-metre (9.8 ft) thick concrete, at a depth of 4 metres (13 ft) below ground level. The four clock faces are 55 metres (180 ft) above ground. The interior volume of the tower is 4,650 cubic metres (164,200 cubic feet).

Despite being one of the world's most famous tourist attractions, the interior of the tower is not open to the general public due to security concerns,although from time to time press and other VIPs are granted access. However, the tower has no elevator, so those escorted must climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top.

Because of changes in ground conditions since construction (notably tunnelling for the Jubilee Line extension), the tower leans slightly to the north-west, by roughly 220 millimetres (8.66 in) at the clock face, giving an inclination of approximately 1/250. Due to thermal effects it oscillates annually by a few millimetres east and west.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ben

Map : (click + zoom in , click - zoom out , click arrow : up , down , left , right)

ดูแผนที่ขนาดใหญ่ขึ้น

Details from the search :

Big Ben - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Clock Tower at dusk, with The London Eye in the background ..... UK Parliament – The Clock Tower (Big Ben): Facts and figures Accessed 13 July 2007 ...
Tower - Clock - Bells - Nickname
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ben

Big Ben Clock, Big Ben in London, Big Ben Clock Tower, Big Ben ...
Find information about the Big Ben Clock Tower in London and get details of the Big Ben Clock, as well as the history of the Big Ben Clock Tower.
www.destination360.com › Destinations › Europe › UK

Big Ben on AboutBritain.com
Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks, and looks most spectacular at night ... The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, ...
www.aboutbritain.com/BigBen.htm

Photos/Pictures of Big Ben Clock Tower
Big Ben Clock Tower. London, England. (There are 20 images on this page.) ... bens, big, big ben, cities, england, english, europe, london ...
www.danheller.com/london-bigben.html

Big Ben London
Big Ben the 320 foot high Clock Tower is named after the largest bell, ... and was cast in 1858 at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in East London. ...
www.beautiful-london.co.uk/big-ben.htm

Big Ben clock tower at London England's Parliament building ...
Big Ben clock tower - London England, pictures and history.
www.inetours.com/England/London/pages/Big_Ben.html

Big Ben - London Travel and tourism information
Big Ben The famous clock tower of the Palace of Westminster houses the bell known as Big Ben, a London landmark for generations. ...
www.britainexpress.com › London Travel Guide › Attractions

Big Ben, London
The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster, known as the Big Ben, is one of London's most famous landmarks. Big Ben, London. Big Ben. "The Clock Tower of ...
www.aviewoncities.com › London › London Attractions

Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament Webcam, London
Our Big Ben webcam is one of our most popular London webcams. ... The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen ton ...
www.camvista.com/england/london/bigben.php3

London's Big Ben Clock Tower « London Travelogue
23 Apr 2009 ... londontravelogue added an interesting post today on London Big Ben Clock Tower. London Travelogue; a small reading The great grand bell of ...
londontravelogue.wordpress.com/.../london’s-big-ben-clock-tower/

Timeline results for big ben clock tower london
1858
It ls called "Big Ben" after Sir Benja? min Hall, who was First Commissioner of Works when the clock was installed in 1858. The clock tower i3 ...
ll02.nla.gov.au
1859
Famous around the world for keeping impeccable time, the Big Ben Clock Tower was fully operational on September 7th, 1859. MORE. Jul 24 2009 ...
www.chacha.com

travel, tour, tourism, world, travel packages, travel guide, travel tips, travel agency, travel information, world travel guide, world travel ticket, world map

Big Ben Clock Tower London

Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well.Big Ben is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world.It celebrated its 150th anniversary in May 2009 (the clock itself first ticking on 31 May 1859), during which celebratory events took place.

The nearest London Underground station is Westminster on the Circle, District and Jubilee lines.

A clock tower was built at Westminster in 1288, with the fine-money of Ralph Hengham, Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

The present tower was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new palace, after the old Palace of Westminster was destroyed by fire on the night of 16 October 1834.

http://www.visitingdc.com/london/big-ben-picture.asp

The new Parliament was built in a Neo-gothic style. Although Barry was the chief architect of the Palace, he turned to Augustus Pugin for the design of the clock tower, which resembles earlier Pugin designs, including one for Scarisbrick Hall. The design for the Clock Tower was Pugin's last design before his final descent into madness and death, and Pugin himself wrote, at the time of Barry's last visit to him to collect the drawings: "I never worked so hard in my life for Mr Barry for tomorrow I render all the designs for finishing his bell tower & it is beautiful."The tower is designed in Pugin's celebrated Gothic Revival style, and is 96.3 metres (315.9 ft) high (roughly 16 stories).

The bottom 61 metres (200 ft) of the Clock Tower's structure consists of brickwork with sand coloured Anston limestone cladding. The remainder of the tower's height is a framed spire of cast iron. The tower is founded on a 15-metre (49 ft) square raft, made of 3-metre (9.8 ft) thick concrete, at a depth of 4 metres (13 ft) below ground level. The four clock faces are 55 metres (180 ft) above ground. The interior volume of the tower is 4,650 cubic metres (164,200 cubic feet).

Despite being one of the world's most famous tourist attractions, the interior of the tower is not open to the general public due to security concerns,although from time to time press and other VIPs are granted access. However, the tower has no elevator, so those escorted must climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top.

Because of changes in ground conditions since construction (notably tunnelling for the Jubilee Line extension), the tower leans slightly to the north-west, by roughly 220 millimetres (8.66 in) at the clock face, giving an inclination of approximately 1/250. Due to thermal effects it oscillates annually by a few millimetres east and west.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ben

Map : (click + zoom in , click - zoom out , click arrow : up , down , left , right)

ดูแผนที่ขนาดใหญ่ขึ้น

Details from the search :

Big Ben - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Clock Tower at dusk, with The London Eye in the background ..... UK Parliament – The Clock Tower (Big Ben): Facts and figures Accessed 13 July 2007 ...
Tower - Clock - Bells - Nickname
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ben

Big Ben Clock, Big Ben in London, Big Ben Clock Tower, Big Ben ...
Find information about the Big Ben Clock Tower in London and get details of the Big Ben Clock, as well as the history of the Big Ben Clock Tower.
www.destination360.com › Destinations › Europe › UK

Big Ben on AboutBritain.com
Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks, and looks most spectacular at night ... The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, ...
www.aboutbritain.com/BigBen.htm

Photos/Pictures of Big Ben Clock Tower
Big Ben Clock Tower. London, England. (There are 20 images on this page.) ... bens, big, big ben, cities, england, english, europe, london ...
www.danheller.com/london-bigben.html

Big Ben London
Big Ben the 320 foot high Clock Tower is named after the largest bell, ... and was cast in 1858 at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in East London. ...
www.beautiful-london.co.uk/big-ben.htm

Big Ben clock tower at London England's Parliament building ...
Big Ben clock tower - London England, pictures and history.
www.inetours.com/England/London/pages/Big_Ben.html

Big Ben - London Travel and tourism information
Big Ben The famous clock tower of the Palace of Westminster houses the bell known as Big Ben, a London landmark for generations. ...
www.britainexpress.com › London Travel Guide › Attractions

Big Ben, London
The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster, known as the Big Ben, is one of London's most famous landmarks. Big Ben, London. Big Ben. "The Clock Tower of ...
www.aviewoncities.com › London › London Attractions

Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament Webcam, London
Our Big Ben webcam is one of our most popular London webcams. ... The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen ton ...
www.camvista.com/england/london/bigben.php3

London's Big Ben Clock Tower « London Travelogue
23 Apr 2009 ... londontravelogue added an interesting post today on London Big Ben Clock Tower. London Travelogue; a small reading The great grand bell of ...
londontravelogue.wordpress.com/.../london’s-big-ben-clock-tower/

Timeline results for big ben clock tower london
1858
It ls called "Big Ben" after Sir Benja? min Hall, who was First Commissioner of Works when the clock was installed in 1858. The clock tower i3 ...
ll02.nla.gov.au
1859
Famous around the world for keeping impeccable time, the Big Ben Clock Tower was fully operational on September 7th, 1859. MORE. Jul 24 2009 ...
www.chacha.com

travel, tour, tourism, world, travel packages, travel guide, travel tips, travel agency, travel information, world travel guide, world travel ticket, world map

Guilin China

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GuilinChina.net is a local travel service in Guilin providing Guilin travel, Guilin tours, Guilin Yangshuo tours, Li River cruises and Guilin hotel booking ...
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Guilin is located in southwest China. It is regarded in China as the countries most picturesque city, which is encircled by mountains with unusual & bizarre ...
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http://www.whereisjosh.com/?time=2005-06-10%2009:00:00

Guilin (Chinese: 桂林; pinyin: Guìlín) is a prefecture-level city in China, situated in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the west bank of the Li River. Its name means "forest of Sweet Osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant Sweet Osmanthus trees located in the city. The city has long been renowned for its unique scenery.

History

In 314 BC, a small settlement was established along the banks of the Li River.

In 111 BC, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shi An County was established, which could be regarded as the beginning of the city.

In 507 AD, the town was renamed Guizhou.

Guilin prospered in the Tang and Song dynasties but remained a county. The city was also a nexus between the central government and the southwest border, and it was where regular armies were placed to guard that border. Canals were built through the city so that food supplies could be directly transported from the food-productive Yangtze plain to the farthest southwestern point of the empire.

In 1921, Guilin became one of the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

In 1940, the city acquired its present name.

In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou and Suzhou) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage, as well as natural scenery, should be treated as a priority project.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilin

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Guilin tourist map shows major attractions and China Guilin map shows the main streets, hotels, railway, river, bus station in the downtown area of this ...
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Guilin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Guilin (Chinese: 桂林; pinyin: Guìlín) is a prefecture-level city in China, situated in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the west ...
History - Physical setting - Administrative divisions - People
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilin

Guilin Travel, Travel to Guilin, China Guilin Tour Guide, Guilin ...
Guilin Travel: Guilin city travel information, Guilin map, Guilin weather, Guilin tours and travel tips for travellers to plan a trip to Guilin.
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Guilin Map and travel guide - China
Guilin, one of China's most popular scenic cities, played host to 10.97 million tourists in 2002, up 8.7 per cent from 2001. The city ranked in a record ...
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Guilin China is well-known for its dramatic Karst topography, the picturesque natural skyline of Guilin City, the limpid Li River, and the "global village" ...
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Guilin China

Guilin, Guilin China, Guilin Travel, Guilin Tour,Travel to Guilin ...
GuilinChina.net is a local travel service in Guilin providing Guilin travel, Guilin tours, Guilin Yangshuo tours, Li River cruises and Guilin hotel booking ...
Photo - Li River - Yangshuo - Reed Flute Cave
www.guilinchina.net/

Where is Guilin? Location of Guilin, Guilin Travel Information
Guilin is located in southwest China. It is regarded in China as the countries most picturesque city, which is encircled by mountains with unusual & bizarre ...
www.guilinchina.net/travel-guide/origin_location.htm

Guilin Travel Guide: China Guilin Tour, Guilin Hotel, Map, Tips
Guilin travel and tourism information such as tours, transportation, accommodation, climate, travel tips, pictures and attractions of Guilin, China.
www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/guilin.htm

http://www.whereisjosh.com/?time=2005-06-10%2009:00:00

Guilin (Chinese: 桂林; pinyin: Guìlín) is a prefecture-level city in China, situated in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the west bank of the Li River. Its name means "forest of Sweet Osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant Sweet Osmanthus trees located in the city. The city has long been renowned for its unique scenery.

History

In 314 BC, a small settlement was established along the banks of the Li River.

In 111 BC, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shi An County was established, which could be regarded as the beginning of the city.

In 507 AD, the town was renamed Guizhou.

Guilin prospered in the Tang and Song dynasties but remained a county. The city was also a nexus between the central government and the southwest border, and it was where regular armies were placed to guard that border. Canals were built through the city so that food supplies could be directly transported from the food-productive Yangtze plain to the farthest southwestern point of the empire.

In 1921, Guilin became one of the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

In 1940, the city acquired its present name.

In 1981, this ancient city was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou and Suzhou) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage, as well as natural scenery, should be treated as a priority project.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilin

Guilin Maps, Map of Guilin China: Attractions, Streets, Hotels
Guilin tourist map shows major attractions and China Guilin map shows the main streets, hotels, railway, river, bus station in the downtown area of this ...
www.travelchinaguide.com/map/guangxi/guilin/

Guilin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Guilin (Chinese: 桂林; pinyin: Guìlín) is a prefecture-level city in China, situated in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the west ...
History - Physical setting - Administrative divisions - People
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilin

Guilin Travel, Travel to Guilin, China Guilin Tour Guide, Guilin ...
Guilin Travel: Guilin city travel information, Guilin map, Guilin weather, Guilin tours and travel tips for travellers to plan a trip to Guilin.
www.chinahighlights.com/guilin/

Guilin Vacations, Tourism and Guilin, China Travel Reviews ...
Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang: TripAdvisor has 640 impartial reviews and articles on what to do, where to eat, and where to stay when in Guilin.
www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g298556-Guilin_Guangxi_Zhuang-Vacations.html

Guilin, China Hotels, Tourism, Things to Do, Restaurants - Yahoo ...
Guilin, 45, China vacations: Find the best Guilin hotels, attractions, maps, pictures, weather, airport information, travel advice and more on Yahoo!
travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-191501621-guilin_vacations-i

Guilin Map and travel guide - China
Guilin, one of China's most popular scenic cities, played host to 10.97 million tourists in 2002, up 8.7 per cent from 2001. The city ranked in a record ...
www.maps-of-china.net/c_guilin_map.html

Guilin Travel, Guilin tour, Guilin tours, Li River, Yangshuo ...
Guilin China is well-known for its dramatic Karst topography, the picturesque natural skyline of Guilin City, the limpid Li River, and the "global village" ...
www.chinaodysseytours.com/tour_guilin.html

Mont Saint Michel in France

Mont-Saint-Michel was used in the sixth and seventh centuries as an Armorican stronghold of Romano-Breton culture and power, until it was ransacked by the Franks, thus ending the trans-channel culture that had stood since the departure of the Romans in AD 460.
Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey, albumen print, ca. 1865-1895

Before the construction of the first monastic establishment in the 8th century, the island was called "monte tombe". According to legend, St. Michael the Archangel appeared to St. Aubert, bishop of Avranches, in 708 and instructed him to build a church on the rocky islet. Aubert repeatedly ignored the angel's instruction, until St. Michael burned a hole in the bishop's skull with his finger.

The mount gained strategic significance in 933 when William "Long Sword", William I, Duke of Normandy, annexed the Cotentin Peninsula, definitively placing the mount in Normandy. It is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, which commemorates the 1066 Norman conquest of England. Ducal patronage financed the spectacular Norman architecture of the abbey in subsequent centuries.

http://www.jpfolks.com/forum/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=539065&page=1

Mont Saint Michel in France

In 1067, the monastery of Mont-Saint-Michel gave its support to duke William of Normandy in his claim to the throne of England. It was rewarded with properties and grounds on the English side of the Channel, including a small island located at the west of Cornwall, which, modelled after the Mount, became a Norman priory named St Michael's Mount of Penzance.

During the Hundred Years' War the English made repeated assaults on the island but were unable to seize it due to the abbey's improved fortifications. Les Michelettes, two wrought-iron bombards left by the English in their failed 1423–24 siege of Mont-Saint-Michel, are still displayed near the outer defense wall.

When Louis XI of France founded the Order of Saint Michael in 1496 he intended that the abbey church of Mont Saint-Michel be the chapel for the order, but because of its great distance from Paris his intention could never be realized.
Some of the old buildings in the village

The wealth and influence of the abbey extended to many daughter foundations, including St Michael's Mount in Cornwall. However, its popularity and prestige as a centre of pilgrimage waned with the Reformation, and by the time of the French Revolution there were scarcely any monks in residence. The abbey was closed and converted into a prison, initially to hold clerical opponents of the republican régime. High-profile political prisoners followed, but by 1836 influential figures, including Victor Hugo, had launched a campaign to restore what was seen as a national architectural treasure. The prison was finally closed in 1863, and the mount was declared a historic monument in 1874. The Mont-Saint-Michel and its bay were added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1979, as it was listed with criteria such as cultural, historical, and architectural significance, as well as human-created and natural beauty.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel

Mont-Saint-Michel, Normandy, France
Mont-Saint-Michel, whose famous silhouette is a familiar icon of France, is a rocky islet situated 1 mile off the Normandy coast, best known for its ...
www.discoverfrance.net/France/.../Mont-St-Michel.shtml

Mont Saint-Michel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Le Mont-Saint-Michel (English: Saint Michael's Mount) is a rocky tidal island and a commune in Normandy, France. It is located approximately one kilometre ...
Formation - Tidal island - History - Design
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel

Mont St-Michel, France
1 Oct 2009 ... Mont St-Michel: History, description, photos and visitor information for Mont St-MichelNormandy, France.
www.sacred-destinations.com/france/mont-st-michel

Mont-St-Michel Vacations, Tourism and Mont-St-Michel, France ...
Mont-St-Michel, Basse-Normandie: TripAdvisor has 860 impartial reviews and articles on what to do, where to eat, and where to stay when in Mont-St-Michel.
www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g196646-Mont_St_Michel_Basse_Normandie_Normandy-Vacations.html

Access - Site officiel de l'office de tourisme du mont saint michel
From Caen use A84 to Le Mont Saint-Michel. Normandie. FRANCE. Manche. Cherbourg ... Connection by bus from Pontorson to Le Mont Saint-Michel (9 kms). ...
www.ot-montsaintmichel.com/acces_gb.htm

Mount St. Michael
Le Mont-Saint-Michel, rocky, cone-shaped islet in northwestern France, in the Gulf of Saint-Malo, connected by a causeway with the mainland. ...
www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Western.../France/france2.htm

Mont Saint-Michel, France Pictures - Europe stock photos, fine art ...
Pictures of Mont Saint-Michel, France. Part of a gallery of color pictures of Europe by professional photographer QT Luong, available as prints or for ...
www.terragalleria.com/.../france/mont-saint-michel/mont-saint-michel.html

Mont St. Michel, France - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger ...
Mount Saint Michel. Saint Michel. entrance to the street in the town. More Photos of the town street ... Return to Grand European's Tour of France ...
www.galenfrysinger.com/france_mont_st_michel.htm

Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Le Mont-Saint-Michel redeviendra une île (le journal Ouest-France) (only in French) · mont-saint-michel.monuments-nationaux.fr ...
whc.unesco.org/en/list/80

Abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel - Centre des monuments nationaux
Come and discover the Mont-Saint-Michel and its abbey on the border between Normandy and Brittany, one of the first sites to obtain UNESCO World Heritage ...
www.monuments-nationaux.fr › Home › Monuments

Book results for Mont Saint Michel in France
Mont Saint Michel and Chartres: With an in ... - by Henry Adams, Ralph Adams Cram - 450 pages
Tides of Mont St Michel - by Roger Vercel

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Mont Saint Michel in France

Mont-Saint-Michel was used in the sixth and seventh centuries as an Armorican stronghold of Romano-Breton culture and power, until it was ransacked by the Franks, thus ending the trans-channel culture that had stood since the departure of the Romans in AD 460.
Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey, albumen print, ca. 1865-1895

Before the construction of the first monastic establishment in the 8th century, the island was called "monte tombe". According to legend, St. Michael the Archangel appeared to St. Aubert, bishop of Avranches, in 708 and instructed him to build a church on the rocky islet. Aubert repeatedly ignored the angel's instruction, until St. Michael burned a hole in the bishop's skull with his finger.

The mount gained strategic significance in 933 when William "Long Sword", William I, Duke of Normandy, annexed the Cotentin Peninsula, definitively placing the mount in Normandy. It is depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, which commemorates the 1066 Norman conquest of England. Ducal patronage financed the spectacular Norman architecture of the abbey in subsequent centuries.

http://www.jpfolks.com/forum/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=539065&page=1

Mont Saint Michel in France

In 1067, the monastery of Mont-Saint-Michel gave its support to duke William of Normandy in his claim to the throne of England. It was rewarded with properties and grounds on the English side of the Channel, including a small island located at the west of Cornwall, which, modelled after the Mount, became a Norman priory named St Michael's Mount of Penzance.

During the Hundred Years' War the English made repeated assaults on the island but were unable to seize it due to the abbey's improved fortifications. Les Michelettes, two wrought-iron bombards left by the English in their failed 1423–24 siege of Mont-Saint-Michel, are still displayed near the outer defense wall.

When Louis XI of France founded the Order of Saint Michael in 1496 he intended that the abbey church of Mont Saint-Michel be the chapel for the order, but because of its great distance from Paris his intention could never be realized.
Some of the old buildings in the village

The wealth and influence of the abbey extended to many daughter foundations, including St Michael's Mount in Cornwall. However, its popularity and prestige as a centre of pilgrimage waned with the Reformation, and by the time of the French Revolution there were scarcely any monks in residence. The abbey was closed and converted into a prison, initially to hold clerical opponents of the republican régime. High-profile political prisoners followed, but by 1836 influential figures, including Victor Hugo, had launched a campaign to restore what was seen as a national architectural treasure. The prison was finally closed in 1863, and the mount was declared a historic monument in 1874. The Mont-Saint-Michel and its bay were added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1979, as it was listed with criteria such as cultural, historical, and architectural significance, as well as human-created and natural beauty.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel

Mont-Saint-Michel, Normandy, France
Mont-Saint-Michel, whose famous silhouette is a familiar icon of France, is a rocky islet situated 1 mile off the Normandy coast, best known for its ...
www.discoverfrance.net/France/.../Mont-St-Michel.shtml

Mont Saint-Michel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Le Mont-Saint-Michel (English: Saint Michael's Mount) is a rocky tidal island and a commune in Normandy, France. It is located approximately one kilometre ...
Formation - Tidal island - History - Design
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel

Mont St-Michel, France
1 Oct 2009 ... Mont St-Michel: History, description, photos and visitor information for Mont St-MichelNormandy, France.
www.sacred-destinations.com/france/mont-st-michel

Mont-St-Michel Vacations, Tourism and Mont-St-Michel, France ...
Mont-St-Michel, Basse-Normandie: TripAdvisor has 860 impartial reviews and articles on what to do, where to eat, and where to stay when in Mont-St-Michel.
www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g196646-Mont_St_Michel_Basse_Normandie_Normandy-Vacations.html

Access - Site officiel de l'office de tourisme du mont saint michel
From Caen use A84 to Le Mont Saint-Michel. Normandie. FRANCE. Manche. Cherbourg ... Connection by bus from Pontorson to Le Mont Saint-Michel (9 kms). ...
www.ot-montsaintmichel.com/acces_gb.htm

Mount St. Michael
Le Mont-Saint-Michel, rocky, cone-shaped islet in northwestern France, in the Gulf of Saint-Malo, connected by a causeway with the mainland. ...
www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Western.../France/france2.htm

Mont Saint-Michel, France Pictures - Europe stock photos, fine art ...
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Mont St. Michel, France - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger ...
Mount Saint Michel. Saint Michel. entrance to the street in the town. More Photos of the town street ... Return to Grand European's Tour of France ...
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Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Le Mont-Saint-Michel redeviendra une île (le journal Ouest-France) (only in French) · mont-saint-michel.monuments-nationaux.fr ...
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Abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel - Centre des monuments nationaux
Come and discover the Mont-Saint-Michel and its abbey on the border between Normandy and Brittany, one of the first sites to obtain UNESCO World Heritage ...
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Book results for Mont Saint Michel in France
Mont Saint Michel and Chartres: With an in ... - by Henry Adams, Ralph Adams Cram - 450 pages
Tides of Mont St Michel - by Roger Vercel

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Mount Everest Nepal

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Mount Everest Nepal

Mount Everest - also called Qomolangma Peak (Tibetan: ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ), Mount Sagarmāthā (Nepali: सगरमाथा), Chajamlungma (Limbu), Zhumulangma Peak (Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰 Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng) or Mount Chomolungma - is the highest mountain on Earth, and the highest point on the Earth's continental crust, as measured by the height above sea level of its summit, 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). The mountain, which is part of the Himalaya range in Asia, is located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet, China.

In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at 29,002 ft (8,840 m). In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India at the time. Chomolungma had been in common use by Tibetans for centuries, but Waugh was unable to propose an established local name because Nepal and Tibet were closed to foreigners.

The highest mountain in the world attracts climbers of all levels, from well experienced mountaineers to novice climbers willing to pay substantial sums to professional mountain guides to complete a successful climb. The mountain, while not posing substantial technical climbing difficulty on the standard route (other eight-thousanders such as K2 or Nanga Parbat are much more difficult), still has many inherent dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind. By the end of the 2008 climbing season, there had been 4,102 ascents to the summit by about 2,700 individuals.[4] Climbers are a significant source of tourist revenue for Nepal, whose government also requires all prospective climbers to obtain an expensive permit, costing up to US $ 25,000 per person.[5] Everest has claimed 210 lives, including eight who perished during a 1996 storm high on the mountain. Conditions are so difficult in the death zone that most corpses have been left where they fell. Some of them are visible from standard climbing routes.

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In the early 1960s, the Nepalese government gave Mount Everest the .... Mt. Everest has two main climbing routes, the southeast ridge from Nepal and the ...
Identifying the highest mountain - Naming - Measurement
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest

Mt. Everest Photo Gallery - 2002 - Mt. Everest Photos / Picture ...
Mt. Everest up close · Rongbuk Monastery From the Tibetan side with Everest in the background. Everest and Nuptse · Ama Dablam · Everest from Nepal ...
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Mt Everest History and facts
Welcome to Mount Everest facts. In this site you will find many informative facts of ... Longitude 86° 56' E It's summit ridge seperates Nepal and Tibet ...
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Mount Everest,Nepal 29035- Mt.Everest Facts and 2001 Himalayan ...
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Mount Everest-360 degree panorama view from Top - Climbing Mt ...
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Everest - Mount Everest by climbers, news
Everest. MountEverest.net by climbers. The world's premier source for Everest ... Nepali mountaineers to lead their own destiny: Sherpa climbers First Ever ...
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Nepal to hold cabinet meeting on Mount Everest - Telegraph
3 Nov 2009 ... Ministers in Nepal will hold the world's highest ever cabinet meeting on Mount Everest to highlight the impact of global warming on the ...
www.telegraph.co.uk/.../nepal/.../Nepal-to-hold-cabinet-meeting-on-Mount-Everest.html

The Himalayas - Nepal Himalayas - Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest ...
The Himalayas - where earth meets sky. Nepal Himalayas ... This park includes three peaks higher than 8000 m, including Mt Everest. ...
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Mount Everest, Nepal-China
Everest, the world's highest peak, is topped with marine sedimentary rocks.
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Global Voices Online » Nepal: A Cabinet Meeting At Mount Everest
4 Nov 2009 ... Nepal: A Cabinet Meeting At Mount Everest .... base camp of the Mount Everest to highlight the impact of global warming on the Himalayas. ...
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News results for mount everest nepal
Michael Kineavy to 'test his endurance' with Mt. Everest trek‎
Mayor Thomas M. Menino's top aide is climbing Mount Everest. ... today for Katmandu, the capital of Nepal, before flying to Lukla and trekking to Everest. ...
Boston Herald

Timeline results for mount everest nepal
1953
Thirty-three years ago, on May 29, 1953, Hillary and Tenzing stood together at the top of Mt. Everest in Nepal. They were the first to climb the ...
pqasb.pqarchiver.com
1996
Battling fierce winds, rescuers sought two Americans and six other missing climbers and attempted to reach 22 others stranded on Mt. Everest. ...
pqasb.pqarchiver.com

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Mount Everest Nepal

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Mount Everest Nepal

Mount Everest - also called Qomolangma Peak (Tibetan: ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ), Mount Sagarmāthā (Nepali: सगरमाथा), Chajamlungma (Limbu), Zhumulangma Peak (Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰 Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng) or Mount Chomolungma - is the highest mountain on Earth, and the highest point on the Earth's continental crust, as measured by the height above sea level of its summit, 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). The mountain, which is part of the Himalaya range in Asia, is located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet, China.

In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at 29,002 ft (8,840 m). In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India at the time. Chomolungma had been in common use by Tibetans for centuries, but Waugh was unable to propose an established local name because Nepal and Tibet were closed to foreigners.

The highest mountain in the world attracts climbers of all levels, from well experienced mountaineers to novice climbers willing to pay substantial sums to professional mountain guides to complete a successful climb. The mountain, while not posing substantial technical climbing difficulty on the standard route (other eight-thousanders such as K2 or Nanga Parbat are much more difficult), still has many inherent dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind. By the end of the 2008 climbing season, there had been 4,102 ascents to the summit by about 2,700 individuals.[4] Climbers are a significant source of tourist revenue for Nepal, whose government also requires all prospective climbers to obtain an expensive permit, costing up to US $ 25,000 per person.[5] Everest has claimed 210 lives, including eight who perished during a 1996 storm high on the mountain. Conditions are so difficult in the death zone that most corpses have been left where they fell. Some of them are visible from standard climbing routes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest

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Mount Everest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In the early 1960s, the Nepalese government gave Mount Everest the .... Mt. Everest has two main climbing routes, the southeast ridge from Nepal and the ...
Identifying the highest mountain - Naming - Measurement
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest

Mt. Everest Photo Gallery - 2002 - Mt. Everest Photos / Picture ...
Mt. Everest up close · Rongbuk Monastery From the Tibetan side with Everest in the background. Everest and Nuptse · Ama Dablam · Everest from Nepal ...
www.everestpeaceproject.com/gallery_detail.php?id=6

Mt Everest History and facts
Welcome to Mount Everest facts. In this site you will find many informative facts of ... Longitude 86° 56' E It's summit ridge seperates Nepal and Tibet ...
www.mnteverest.net/history.html

Mount Everest,Nepal 29035- Mt.Everest Facts and 2001 Himalayan ...
Information on Mt.Everest from expeditions to trekking Nepal links to Himalayan mountain news and mountaineering Nepal,this is the place for everything ...
www.mnteverest.net/

Image results for mount everest nepal

Mount Everest-360 degree panorama view from Top - Climbing Mt ...
Nepal Trekking, Kilimanjaro climbing, adventure, Tibet, Matterhorn, ... Roderick Mackenzie made the image at the top of Mount Everest May 24 1989. ...
www.panoramas.dk/Fullscreen2/Full22.html

Everest - Mount Everest by climbers, news
Everest. MountEverest.net by climbers. The world's premier source for Everest ... Nepali mountaineers to lead their own destiny: Sherpa climbers First Ever ...
www.mounteverest.net/

Nepal to hold cabinet meeting on Mount Everest - Telegraph
3 Nov 2009 ... Ministers in Nepal will hold the world's highest ever cabinet meeting on Mount Everest to highlight the impact of global warming on the ...
www.telegraph.co.uk/.../nepal/.../Nepal-to-hold-cabinet-meeting-on-Mount-Everest.html

The Himalayas - Nepal Himalayas - Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest ...
The Himalayas - where earth meets sky. Nepal Himalayas ... This park includes three peaks higher than 8000 m, including Mt Everest. ...
library.thinkquest.org/10131/nepal_park_everest.html

Mount Everest, Nepal-China
Everest, the world's highest peak, is topped with marine sedimentary rocks.
geology.about.com/library/bl/peaks/bleverest.htm

Global Voices Online » Nepal: A Cabinet Meeting At Mount Everest
4 Nov 2009 ... Nepal: A Cabinet Meeting At Mount Everest .... base camp of the Mount Everest to highlight the impact of global warming on the Himalayas. ...
globalvoicesonline.org/.../nepal-a-cabinet-meeting-at-mount-everest/

News results for mount everest nepal
Michael Kineavy to 'test his endurance' with Mt. Everest trek‎
Mayor Thomas M. Menino's top aide is climbing Mount Everest. ... today for Katmandu, the capital of Nepal, before flying to Lukla and trekking to Everest. ...
Boston Herald

Timeline results for mount everest nepal
1953
Thirty-three years ago, on May 29, 1953, Hillary and Tenzing stood together at the top of Mt. Everest in Nepal. They were the first to climb the ...
pqasb.pqarchiver.com
1996
Battling fierce winds, rescuers sought two Americans and six other missing climbers and attempted to reach 22 others stranded on Mt. Everest. ...
pqasb.pqarchiver.com

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Mount Fuji Japan

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http://blogs.davenportlibrary.com/reference/2008/05/armchair-traveler-goes-to-japan/

mount fuji japan

Mt. Fuji wreathed in clouds

Mount Fuji is an attractive volcanic cone and a frequent subject of Japanese art. Among the most renowned works are Hokusai's 36 Views of Mount Fuji and his One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji. The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.

It is thought that the first ascent was in 663 by an anonymous monk. The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was forbidden to women until the Meiji Era. Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present day town of Gotemba. The shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo held yabusame in the area in the early Kamakura period.

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir Rutherford Alcock in September 1860, from the foot of the mountain to the top in eight hours and three hours for the descent.427 Alcock's brief narrative in The Capital of the Tycoon was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.:421-7 Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir Harry Parkes, was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji in 1867. Photographer Felix Beato climbed Mount Fuji in that same year.

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and mountain-climbing. In the early 20th century, populist educator Frederick Starr's Chautauqua lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji—1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America. A well-known Japanese saying suggests that anybody would be a fool not to climb Mt. Fuji once—but a fool to do so twice. It remains a popular meme in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances, inspiring the Infiniti logo, and even appearing in medicine with the Mount Fuji sign. As of 2006, the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the United States Marine Corps operate military bases near Mount Fuji.

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Climbing Mount Fuji
1 Jul 2009 ... Climbing Mount Fuji (3776 meters), Japan's highest and most prominent mountain, can make for lifelong memories. The mountain itself may look ...
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Mount Fuji, Japan
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Mt Fuji Japan
Mount Fuji also called, as Fujiyama is the most poplar and undisputedly the number one landmark of Japan. It is located on the Southern Honshu Island and is ...
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Mt. Fuji LiveCam 富士山ライブカメラ
Mt. Fuji Live Camera. 静岡県：国際観光株式会社 ＝修学旅行、遠足等 ... This view of Mt.Fuji is from OUR OFFICE. ビオデリ：bio-deli：有機野菜の旬のおいしさを ...
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Mount Fuji, Japan : Image of the Day
The 3776-meter-high (12388 feet) Mount Fuji Volcano, located on the island of Honshu in Japan, is one of the world's classic examples of a stratovolcano. ...
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=39099

Mount Fuji, Japan on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
Mount Fuji on a clear spring day, Taken by Stephen Michael Draper Mount Fuji (Fujisan) is with 3776 meters Japan's highest mountain.
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Mount Fuji (mountain, Japan) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
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TravelASSIST - Mt Fuji Japan Climbing Fools
Japanese wisdom has it that you're a fool if you've never climbed Mt. Fuji; also that you're twice the fool if you climb it more than once. ...
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Timeline results for mount fuji japan
1707
10. Mount Fuji, Japan - Japan's highest peak, last erupted in 1707. Learn more about this author, May Monten. Contact this writer Click here to ...
www.helium.com
1708
Mt. Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan. The dormant with the exceptionally symmetrical cone last erupted in 1708. Mt. Fuji has been worshiped and ...
www.uaaa-asia.org

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Mount Fuji Japan

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http://blogs.davenportlibrary.com/reference/2008/05/armchair-traveler-goes-to-japan/

mount fuji japan

Mt. Fuji wreathed in clouds

Mount Fuji is an attractive volcanic cone and a frequent subject of Japanese art. Among the most renowned works are Hokusai's 36 Views of Mount Fuji and his One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji. The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.

It is thought that the first ascent was in 663 by an anonymous monk. The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was forbidden to women until the Meiji Era. Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present day town of Gotemba. The shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo held yabusame in the area in the early Kamakura period.

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir Rutherford Alcock in September 1860, from the foot of the mountain to the top in eight hours and three hours for the descent.427 Alcock's brief narrative in The Capital of the Tycoon was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.:421-7 Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir Harry Parkes, was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji in 1867. Photographer Felix Beato climbed Mount Fuji in that same year.

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and mountain-climbing. In the early 20th century, populist educator Frederick Starr's Chautauqua lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji—1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America. A well-known Japanese saying suggests that anybody would be a fool not to climb Mt. Fuji once—but a fool to do so twice. It remains a popular meme in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances, inspiring the Infiniti logo, and even appearing in medicine with the Mount Fuji sign. As of 2006, the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the United States Marine Corps operate military bases near Mount Fuji.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji

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Mount Fuji
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Mt.Fuji - Mount Fuji
4 Apr 2006 ... Mount Fuji (Fujisan) is with 3776 meters Japan's highest mountain. It is not surprising that the nearly perfectly shaped volcano has been ...
www.japan-guide.com/e/e2172.html

Climbing Mount Fuji
1 Jul 2009 ... Climbing Mount Fuji (3776 meters), Japan's highest and most prominent mountain, can make for lifelong memories. The mountain itself may look ...
www.japan-guide.com/e/e6901.html

Mount Fuji, Japan
5 Oct 2009 ... Mount Fuji: History, description, photos and visitor information for Mount FujiChubu, Japan.
www.sacred-destinations.com/japan/mount-fuji

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Mount Fuji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mt. Fuji is a distinctive feature of the geography of Japan. .... The highest point in Japan is where the Mount Fuji Radar System used to be. ...
Name - History - Geography - Adventuring
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji

Mt Fuji Japan
Mount Fuji also called, as Fujiyama is the most poplar and undisputedly the number one landmark of Japan. It is located on the Southern Honshu Island and is ...
www.asianartmall.com/mtfujiarticle.htm

Mt. Fuji LiveCam 富士山ライブカメラ
Mt. Fuji Live Camera. 静岡県：国際観光株式会社 ＝修学旅行、遠足等 ... This view of Mt.Fuji is from OUR OFFICE. ビオデリ：bio-deli：有機野菜の旬のおいしさを ...
www3.shizuokanet.ne.jp/

Mount Fuji, Japan : Image of the Day
The 3776-meter-high (12388 feet) Mount Fuji Volcano, located on the island of Honshu in Japan, is one of the world's classic examples of a stratovolcano. ...
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=39099

Mount Fuji, Japan on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
Mount Fuji on a clear spring day, Taken by Stephen Michael Draper Mount Fuji (Fujisan) is with 3776 meters Japan's highest mountain.
www.flickr.com/photos/japan-life/468073691/

Mount Fuji (mountain, Japan) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Mount Fuji (mountain, Japan), highest mountain in Japan, rising to 12388 feet (3776 metres) near the Pacific coast ...
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221527/Mount-Fuji

TravelASSIST - Mt Fuji Japan Climbing Fools
Japanese wisdom has it that you're a fool if you've never climbed Mt. Fuji; also that you're twice the fool if you climb it more than once. ...
www.travelassist.com/mag/a94.html

Timeline results for mount fuji japan
1707
10. Mount Fuji, Japan - Japan's highest peak, last erupted in 1707. Learn more about this author, May Monten. Contact this writer Click here to ...
www.helium.com
1708
Mt. Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan. The dormant with the exceptionally symmetrical cone last erupted in 1708. Mt. Fuji has been worshiped and ...
www.uaaa-asia.org

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The Potala Palace Lhasa Tibet

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http://www.japanfocus.org/-Xiaoyuan-Liu/2427

the potala palace Lhasa Tibet

The Potala Palace (Tibetan; Wylie: Po ta la; simplified Chinese; traditional Chinese: ) is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It was named after Mount Potala, the abode of Chenresig or Avalokitesvara.[1] The Potala Palace was the chief residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, India, after an invasion and failed uprising in 1959. Today the Potala Palace has been converted into a museum by the Chinese.

The building measures 400 metres east-west and 350 metres north-south, with sloping stone walls averaging 3 m. thick, and 5 m. (more than 16 ft) thick at the base, and with copper poured into the foundations to help proof it against earthquakes. Thirteen stories of buildings – containing over 1,000 rooms, 10,000 shrines and about 200,000 statues – soar 117 metres (384 ft) on top of Marpo Ri, the "Red Hill", rising more than 300 m (about 1,000 ft) in total above the valley floor. Tradition has it that the three main hills of Lhasa represent the "Three Protectors of Tibet." Chokpori, just to the south of the Potala, is the soul-mountain (bla-ri) of Vajrapani, Pongwari that of Manjushri, and Marpori, the hill on which the Potala stands, represents Chenresig or Avalokiteshvara.

History

The former quarters of the Dalai Lama. The figure in the throne represents Tenzin Gyatso, the incumbent Dalai Lama

The site was used as a meditation retreat by King Songtsen Gampo, who in 637 built the first palace there in order to greet his bride Princess Wen Cheng of the Tang Dynasty of China.

Lozang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, started the construction of the Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers, Konchog Chophel (d. 1646), pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government, situated as it is between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa. The Dalai Lama and his government moved into the Potrang Karpo ('White Palace') in 1649. Construction lasted until 1694, some twelve years after his death. The Potala was used as a winter palace by the Dalai Lama from that time. The Potrang Marpo ('Red Palace') was added between 1690 and 1694.

The new palace got its name from a hill on Cape Comorin at the southern tip of India—a rocky point sacred to the bodhisattva of compassion, whom is known as Avalokitesvara, or Chenrezi. The Tibetans themselves rarely speak of the sacred place as the "Potala," but rather as "Peak Potala" (Tse Potala), or usually as "the Peak.

The palace was slightly damaged during the Tibetan uprising against the Chinese in 1959, when Chinese shells were launched into the palace's windows. It also escaped damage during the Cultural Revolution in 1966 through the personal intervention of Zhou Enlai, who was then the Premier of the People's Republic of China but who personally opposed the revolution. Still, almost all of the over 100,000 volumes of scriptures, historical documents and other works of art were either removed, damaged or destroyed.

The Potala Palace was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994. In 2000 and 2001, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka were added to the list as extensions to the sites. Rapid modernisation has been a concern for UNESCO, however, which expressed concern over the building of modern structures immediately around the palace which threaten the palace's unique atmosphere. The Chinese government responded by enacting a rule barring the building of any structure taller than 21 metres in the area. UNESCO was also concerned over the materials used during the restoration of the palace, which commenced in 2002 at a cost of RMB180 million (US$22.5 million), although the palace's director, Qiangba Gesang, has clarified that only traditional materials and craftsmanship were used. The palace has also received restoration works between 1989 to 1994, costing RMB55 million (US$6.875 million).

The number of visitors to the palace was restricted to 1,600 a day, with opening hours reduced to six hours daily to avoid over-crowding from 1 May 2003. The palace was receiving an average of 1,500 a day prior to the introduction of the quota, sometimes peaking to over 5,000 in one day. Visits to the structure's roof was banned after restoration works were completed in 2006 to avoid further structural damage. Visitorship quotas were raised to 2,300 daily to accommodate a 30% increase in visitorship since the opening of the Qingzang railway into Lhasa on 1 July 2006, but the quota is often reached by mid-morning. Opening hours were extended during the peak period in the months of July to September, where over 6,000 visitors would descend on the site

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potala_Palace

Potala Palace
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The Potala Palace
Perched upon Marpo Ri hill, 130 meters above the Lhasa valley, the Potala Palace rises a further 170 meters and is the greatest monumental structure in all ...
www.sacredsites.com/asia/tibet/potala_palace.html

Potala Palace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Today the pillar stands neglected to the side of the new Chinese park where Zhol Village used to stand, below the Potala Palace, in Lhasa, Tibet, ...
History - Architecture - White Palace - Red Palace
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potala_Palace

Virtual tour of Potala Palace, Tibet
Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet. The old Potala Palace was built in 7th century. At that time Zhanpu King (Shuzhan Genpu) established Tufen Kingdom in Tibet, ...
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The Potala Palace
The Potala Palace. This ancient architectural complex is considered a model of Tibetan architecture. Located on the Red Hill in Lhasa, Tibet, ...
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Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa - UNESCO World ...
The Potala Palace, winter palace of the Dalai Lama since the 7th century, symbolizes Tibetan Buddhism and its central role in the traditional administration ...
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Potala Palace, Lhasa Tourist Sights - Tibet Travel Information
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Lhasa Potala Palace travel information about history, location, facts, constructions, artworks as well as main buildings of Potala Palace in Tibet, China.
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The Potala Palace Lhasa Tibet

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the potala palace Lhasa Tibet

The Potala Palace (Tibetan; Wylie: Po ta la; simplified Chinese; traditional Chinese: ) is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It was named after Mount Potala, the abode of Chenresig or Avalokitesvara.[1] The Potala Palace was the chief residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, India, after an invasion and failed uprising in 1959. Today the Potala Palace has been converted into a museum by the Chinese.

The building measures 400 metres east-west and 350 metres north-south, with sloping stone walls averaging 3 m. thick, and 5 m. (more than 16 ft) thick at the base, and with copper poured into the foundations to help proof it against earthquakes. Thirteen stories of buildings – containing over 1,000 rooms, 10,000 shrines and about 200,000 statues – soar 117 metres (384 ft) on top of Marpo Ri, the "Red Hill", rising more than 300 m (about 1,000 ft) in total above the valley floor. Tradition has it that the three main hills of Lhasa represent the "Three Protectors of Tibet." Chokpori, just to the south of the Potala, is the soul-mountain (bla-ri) of Vajrapani, Pongwari that of Manjushri, and Marpori, the hill on which the Potala stands, represents Chenresig or Avalokiteshvara.

History

The former quarters of the Dalai Lama. The figure in the throne represents Tenzin Gyatso, the incumbent Dalai Lama

The site was used as a meditation retreat by King Songtsen Gampo, who in 637 built the first palace there in order to greet his bride Princess Wen Cheng of the Tang Dynasty of China.

Lozang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, started the construction of the Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers, Konchog Chophel (d. 1646), pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government, situated as it is between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa. The Dalai Lama and his government moved into the Potrang Karpo ('White Palace') in 1649. Construction lasted until 1694, some twelve years after his death. The Potala was used as a winter palace by the Dalai Lama from that time. The Potrang Marpo ('Red Palace') was added between 1690 and 1694.

The new palace got its name from a hill on Cape Comorin at the southern tip of India—a rocky point sacred to the bodhisattva of compassion, whom is known as Avalokitesvara, or Chenrezi. The Tibetans themselves rarely speak of the sacred place as the "Potala," but rather as "Peak Potala" (Tse Potala), or usually as "the Peak.

The palace was slightly damaged during the Tibetan uprising against the Chinese in 1959, when Chinese shells were launched into the palace's windows. It also escaped damage during the Cultural Revolution in 1966 through the personal intervention of Zhou Enlai, who was then the Premier of the People's Republic of China but who personally opposed the revolution. Still, almost all of the over 100,000 volumes of scriptures, historical documents and other works of art were either removed, damaged or destroyed.

The Potala Palace was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994. In 2000 and 2001, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka were added to the list as extensions to the sites. Rapid modernisation has been a concern for UNESCO, however, which expressed concern over the building of modern structures immediately around the palace which threaten the palace's unique atmosphere. The Chinese government responded by enacting a rule barring the building of any structure taller than 21 metres in the area. UNESCO was also concerned over the materials used during the restoration of the palace, which commenced in 2002 at a cost of RMB180 million (US$22.5 million), although the palace's director, Qiangba Gesang, has clarified that only traditional materials and craftsmanship were used. The palace has also received restoration works between 1989 to 1994, costing RMB55 million (US$6.875 million).

The number of visitors to the palace was restricted to 1,600 a day, with opening hours reduced to six hours daily to avoid over-crowding from 1 May 2003. The palace was receiving an average of 1,500 a day prior to the introduction of the quota, sometimes peaking to over 5,000 in one day. Visits to the structure's roof was banned after restoration works were completed in 2006 to avoid further structural damage. Visitorship quotas were raised to 2,300 daily to accommodate a 30% increase in visitorship since the opening of the Qingzang railway into Lhasa on 1 July 2006, but the quota is often reached by mid-morning. Opening hours were extended during the peak period in the months of July to September, where over 6,000 visitors would descend on the site

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Potala Palace
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The Potala Palace
Perched upon Marpo Ri hill, 130 meters above the Lhasa valley, the Potala Palace rises a further 170 meters and is the greatest monumental structure in all ...
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Potala Palace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Today the pillar stands neglected to the side of the new Chinese park where Zhol Village used to stand, below the Potala Palace, in Lhasa, Tibet, ...
History - Architecture - White Palace - Red Palace
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Virtual tour of Potala Palace, Tibet
Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet. The old Potala Palace was built in 7th century. At that time Zhanpu King (Shuzhan Genpu) established Tufen Kingdom in Tibet, ...
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The Potala Palace
The Potala Palace. This ancient architectural complex is considered a model of Tibetan architecture. Located on the Red Hill in Lhasa, Tibet, ...
www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/74941.htm

Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa - UNESCO World ...
The Potala Palace, winter palace of the Dalai Lama since the 7th century, symbolizes Tibetan Buddhism and its central role in the traditional administration ...
whc.unesco.org/en/list/707

Potala Palace, Lhasa Tourist Sights - Tibet Travel Information
Potala Palace in Lhasa Tibet: Introduction to constructions, history, pictures, maps, legend, and more.
www.tibettravel.info/lhasa/potala-palace/index.html

Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet Potala Palace Facts, History, China
Lhasa Potala Palace travel information about history, location, facts, constructions, artworks as well as main buildings of Potala Palace in Tibet, China.
www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/tibet/lhasa/potala.htm

Potala Palace - Lhasa, Tibet
18 Jun 2009 ... Potala Palace: History, description, photos and visitor information for Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet.
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Mountain Light Photography: Fine Art Prints | Tibet and China
AA0019. Rainbow over the. Potala Palace. AA0459. Mount Everest and. Rongbuk Monastery. AA0016. Horsemen beneath giant sand dune. AA0676 ...
www.mountainlight.com/gallery.tibet/images.html

The Potala Palace,Lhasa China
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Petronas Twin Towers Malaysia

Petronas Twin Towers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Petronas Twin Towers Malaysia

The Petronas Twin Towers (Malay: Menara Berkembar Petronas) (also known as the Petronas Towers or just Twin Towers), in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are twin towers and were the world's tallest buildings before being surpassed by Taipei 101. However, the towers are still the tallest twin buildings in the world. They were the world's tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004 if measured from the level of the main entrance to the structural top, the original height reference used by the international organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat from 1969 (three additional height categories were introduced as the tower neared completion in 1996).

Comparison with other towers

In accordance to CTBUH, the pinnacles contributed to the overall height of the towers, thus surpassing the Willis Tower.

The Petronas Twin Towers were the tallest buildings in the world until Taipei 101 was completed in 2004, as measured to the top of their structural components (spires, but not antennas).Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, to which changes would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Twin Towers remain the tallest twin buildings in the world.

The Willis Tower and the World Trade Center towers were each constructed with 110 occupied floors – 22 more than the Petronas Twin Towers’ 88 floors. The Willis Tower and the World Trade Center’s roofs and highest occupied floors substantially exceeded the height of the roof and highest floors of the Petronas Twin Towers. The Willis Tower’s tallest antenna is 75 m (246 ft) taller than the Petronas Twin Towers’ spires. However, in accordance to CTBUH regulations and guidelines, the antennas of the Willis Tower were not counted as part of its architectural features. The spires on the Petronas Towers are included in the height since they are not antenna masts. Therefore, the Petronas Twin Towers exceed the official height of the Willis Tower by 10 m, but the Willis Tower has more floors and much higher square footage.

History

Designed by Argentine-American architect César Pelli, the Petronas Towers were completed in 1998 after a seven year build and became the tallest buildings in the world on the date of completion They were built on the site of Kuala Lumpur's race track.Because of the depth of the bedrock, the buildings were built on the world's deepest foundations. The 120-meter foundations were built within 12 months by Bachy Soletanche, and required massive amounts of concrete.

The 88-floor towers are constructed largely of reinforced concrete, with a steel and glass facade designed to resemble motifs found in Islamic art, a reflection of Malaysia's Muslim religion.[10] Another Islamic influence on the design is that the cross section of the towers is based on a Rub el Hizb (albeit with circular sectors added to meet office space requirements).

Due to a lack of steel and the huge cost of importing steel, the towers were constructed on a cheaper radical design of super high-strength reinforced concrete.[12] High-strength concrete is a material familiar to Asian contractors and twice as effective as steel in sway reduction; however, it makes the building twice as heavy on its foundation than a comparable steel building. Supported by 23-by-23 meter concrete cores[13] and an outer ring of widely spaced super columns, the towers use a sophisticated structural system that accommodates its slender profile and provides 560,000 square metres of column-free office space.[14] Below the twin towers is Suria KLCC, a shopping mall, and Dewan Filharmonik Petronas, the home of the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra.

Other buildings have used spires to increase their height but have always been taller overall to the pinnacle when trying to claim the title. In the aftermath of the controversy, the rules governing official titles were partially overhauled, and a number of buildings re-classified structural antenna as architectural details to boost their height rating (even though nothing was actually done to the building).

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